SCOUTS

SCOUTS

Scouts are the members of scout association. They serve as volunteers. The scout association is an international organization. It started in 1907 by lord Baden Powell, and Englishman. It has branches in almost all countries of the world. We have scout association in our country called Nepal boy and girls scout association. It is a member of the world scout association.

A national scout association has district associations. A district association has various troops under its jurisdiction. A troop again consists of 3 or 4 patrols. A patrol consists of a scout leader, and a troop is under the charge of a scout master. There are boys as well as girls scout. The scouts have a uniform of their own. Th
e boy scouts wear a shirt, a pair of shorts and a scarf. The Nepal scout puts on a black cap as well. The girl scouts are dressed up in a shirt, skirt and a cap. The scouts carry a whistle, a stick, a knife, a bag; a piece of rope and other things, a troop has a bugle or a drum with them. The scouts are given train by the scout teams and masters. They learn many things like swimming, first aids, cooking, signaling  and games. The scouts also promises to serve God and country. Their goal is service. They serve needy and distressed people, They learn and be discipline and public spirit. They should obey the 10 scout laws. They remain ever active and alert. Their motto is "always prepared”. They are not afraid with any kinds of work given to them. They are always ready to their leaders order. Heads high and soul purely dedicated to country they are ready to serve for the country even at their hardest time of their life.

 The scouts are very useful to community. They help the people in variously. They serve the distressed and wounded. They provides us first aid and treat the wounded to hospital. They help to off fire. They repair roads,clean roads, dams, bridges. They also go to the battle field to nurse. The first scouts were organized to nurse. They go in everywhere relief is needed. It is impossible to make a list of services. They are ready for any kind of service that is needed; the scouts gives feeling of brother hood. They go jamborees and rallies where they meet scouts from different countries and places. They takes part in common activities and programmers. The scout association of our country is not properly organized. It should be more active and its activities more extensive. There should be district associations in every part of our country. The activities of district associations should be properly organized and co-ordinate by the Nepal boy and girl scout association. The people of our country have not yet fully realized the importance of scouting; it should be made popular throughout the length and breadth of our country.

Most of the people still have no idea on what scouts really are. What are their uses, how can they help us, what are their services and what role are they playing to develop our country; not country actually the world. Each and every people should be given the knowledge on that. They should know how scouts have worked their hard to serve the country. People should know about their sacrifices and hard works. Programs on importance of scouts, their work should be done so that the world could know what they really are.  

Read More

ECOSYSTEM

ECOSYSTEM

An ecosystem is an ecological unit consisting of both living and non-living factors of the environment. The word ecosystem was first termed by A.G. Tansley in 1935. Its two major’s components are biotic component and abiotic component.

 The biotic component includes all living organisms present in the environment. Plants and animals together depend on each other for their food and life. They can be classified differently as producers, consumers and decomposers. Producers are those members of an ecosystem that are capable of producing their own food from inorganic compounds. Autotrophic green plants are producers as they synthesize their own food. Consumers are the living member of the ecosystem which consumes the food matter built up by the producer. Under this category, all different kinds of animals that are found in an ecosystem are included. According to their food, consumers are of three types- primary consumer (insects, rabbit, deer etc), secondary consumer (sparrow, crow, fox, dog) and tertiary consumer (lion, tiger, vulture). Decomposers are also living components of an ecosystem and are composed of microorganisms.  They break down the organic compound of dead producers and consumers which can be used green plants. Bacteria and fungi are decomposers.

Abiotic components constitute the non living factors in the environment. The basic components are organic and inorganic compounds. The major inorganic elements and compounds are water, oxygen, carbonates, phosphorous, calcium, etc. proteins, and carbohydrates, liquid are important organic compounds. It also includes physical factors such as temperature, rainfall, light, soil etc.

Based upon the particular kind of habitat , there are different types of ecosystem;-

Aquatic ecosystem

 Marine ecosystem:- the sea ecosystem is one of the major examples of water ecosystem. The sea is several kilometers deep, but the majority of organisms live on the upper portion of the water which is called the euphotic zone. Only some animals, like squids, inhabit the deep, dark layers of the sea. Planktons are a kind of organisms found in the sea. They are eaten by fish as food.

Freshwater ecosystem:- a pond is a good example of a freshwater ecosystem. There are two main components, abiotic and biotic components

Abiotic components- the most important abiotic component is water since all the organisms of pond must live in water. Gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen contained in water in dissolved form are available to plants and animals for photosynthesis and respiration. Plants absorb minerals directly from the water

Biotic components- producer:- the major producers in this ecosystem are algae and other aquatic plants which produce their own food by converting the radiant energy of the sun intro potential energy through the process if photosynthesis. Some of these producers are rooted like hydrilla; vallisnaria and other are free-floating plants like diatoms, spirogyra, euglena etc

Consumers:- primary consumers are herbivorous feeding directly in living plants and plants remain. In the pond, the important primary consumers are amoeba, paramecium and zooplankton. Different kinds of insect larvae and tadpole also come under this category.

Decomposer:- fungi and bacteria act as decomposers in a pond. When plants and animals die, a large number of fungi and bacteria attack their dead bodies and convert the complex organic substances into simpler form. Green plants in their nutrition again utilize the chemical elements liberated by decomposer.

Terrestrial ecosystem – Forest component:- forest is the best example of a terrestrial ecosystem

Abiotic components: abiotic components of this type of ecosystem are; soil, moisture, air, sunlight straight from the physical factors.

Biotic components: the biotic components as the ecosystem are divided to producers, consumers and decomposers.

Grassland ecosystem

Abiotic components: there are the inorganic as well as the organic substance present in the soil and atmosphere.

Biotic components: Producer, Consumer, decomposer

Read More

Youtube

Youtube

We live in a sophisticated world. A world full of excitements, new innovations everyday and the world where its all about science and technology. Computers rule the modern world. Its like impossible to do things without computer these days, internet and network are all round the globe. They surround the globe like an atmosphere. Its all about innovating and inventing. The world is a digital world. Social media is a most famous thing these days. People connect to each other and live the social media life. They update everything they do and why won’t they? It’s all about being famous and being seen. YouTube is one of the most active, working and appreciated social media these days. People connect, know and learn from YouTube. So what is you tube? It’s a social media site where you post any of your videos and anyone from any part of the world who are connected through network. It has it’s headquarter in San Bruno, California. YouTube is believed to have come into existence on February 14, 2005. It was founded by three members who were former PayPal employees.The three founders were Chad Hurley,Steve Chen and Jawed Karim. It was later on bought by google and it started to gain popularity. During 2006 and then the rest is history. so, it is basically a video sharing website. So how do you do it all? You go to a browser, type www.youtube.com, the site appears. There is a option to upload if you want to upload any videos you please if you are just there to listen to music or watch a movie or anything you please, you go to search button at the top, type what you please and click search and the respective video appears, you click on it and enjoy what comes next. if you want to have a quick search, one can just copy the link, paste it and search. You can even like, unlike or comment on the video as you want. One can also subscribe the channel that uploaded the video if they wish to see more of it, so what is a channel? A channel is your own personal account provided by youtube itself on youtube through which you can share your videos.

Buffering is kind of thing that happens most in youtube. The nature of it depends upon your internet connection speed. High  speed less buffering slow speed, high buffering.  So this is a site which helps us a lot. one can even earn money through youtube. If one of the videos you upload gets high views and likes. You tube pays you money according to the views you gain so, It’s kind of you get paid for your efforts and hard work. You even get famous if you are talented. People appreciate you for your talent and efforts you do. So, you tube is a place where you can share, learn, get, give, earn and do many other stuffs as you please. We can even delete the videos if we no longer want to keep them on you tube within time. You Tube has grown and will keep on growing. People will never stop using you tube. Instead its use in coming days will increase randomly. It can be used through PC's, laptops, cell phones and other portable devices that can support it. Why do people love you tube so much? Well the answer is simple and straight. People want to know the things in a different way. They want to share things to others. and what can be the best way than seeing and listening at the same time. It’s new, entertaining and it gets into us too easily. What kinds of videos can be watched and shared on youtube? From music videos to movies to audios to any kinds of video one can films the site also has many steps and precautions regarding age. if the contents are explicit, there is a age appropriation 18+ is the age to view it, so one needs an appropriate account to view the video. if he is under age, he cannot view the contents and the site is secured too with many security levels. No malicious softwares are found. the site is protected and there is no risk viewing it, further more, the youtube also takes necessary precautions to limit the contents a viewer can view. if the video contents are outrageous or improper, it automatically deletes it. And even sues the up loader taking further precautions if necessary.There also comes copyright issues. If someone violates the copyright issues and uploads the video, then he has to pay compensation facing other charges according to the crime it fits so, this is youtube in general. a video-sharing site where you can share,view and comment on the video one likes and learn much more.

Read More

The choice of profession

The choice of profession

In our community or society, we observe the people of active age group being involved in different profession according to their interest, field of study and ability to earn money for livelihood and make life easy. With the changing pace of culture, civilization, science and technology, professions of people differ from society to society and country to country. Profession is a type of job that requires skill, deep knowledge, special training and education. Teaching, medicine, engineering, agriculture, driving, architect, law etc are different sectors of profession. Each sector has its own further sub classification such as basic level, intermediate level and specialized. For example in medicine sector, pastoral health assistance, maternal health worker, assistance health worker, assistance nursing midwife etc fall under basic level where as health assistance, staff nurse, lab assistance etc fall under intermediate level and doctors, lab technologist, surgeon etc are specialized profession. Education is very important for profession. So, attaining education having knowledge, skill and ability needed to be in any type of job is called professional education. Every profession needs capable, creative and skilled person to carry out the job professionals need training and education according to sector wise classification of profession.

People are engaged in different professions. They have their own living standard and earning pattern. Teaching, nursing, engineering etc are some common and traditional professions in our society. Professions can be classified broadly based on the sector, stratum and nature of service.

Sector is a segment or division of the society. There are different sectors in an economy consisting of trade, commerce, education, service, production and so on. Professions also differ with these sectors. Sector wise profession includes agriculture, forestry, construction, medicine, tourism, teaching and so on. It can also be categorized into sub-sectors.

Stratum is the layer of profession. There are different stratums in each stratum in each profession. These stratums differ from general to specialized degree of complexities. Here, we discuss on fundamental, intermediate and specialized stratum of profession. Fundamental profession helps to fulfill basic necessities in our life. These professions ease our daily life from economic aspect. Examples of fundamental profession are tailoring, agriculture, handicraft, farming, carpenter etc.

Intermediate professions are the professions having addition of skill, knowledge and capability to fundamental professions. Trained individuals are used for intermediate profession. Training is necessary for accomplishing these intermediate professions. Intermediate profession is also categorized into technical and non technical professions. Examples of technical intermediate professions are health assistant, junior technician, computer operator, sub engineer, overseer etc similarly examples of non technical intermediate professions are accountant, office assistant, junior assistant etc.

Specialized professions are high level professions. Such professions require high degree of seriousness in performing their job. These professions are supposed to have higher academic qualification. Person in these profession are supposed to solve complex and specialized problems. Specialized profession requires professional education of at least four years and related training. Specialized professions are also divided into technical and non technical profession. Technical specialized profession consist engineering, doctor and pilot etc. Similarly, non technical specialized profession consists of manager, professor, researcher etc.

 Profession can also be classified according to the nature of service. Nature of service can be production oriented and service, profession can be classified in to two broad categories.

Production related professions; professions that are related with production of goods are called production related profession. Theses professions consists of professions related to agriculture, mental, mines and industry. Example of productions related professions are carpenter, welder, designer, machine operator.

Service related professions: service related profession provides service to mankind. These professions serve human being form different aspects. Services are neither seen nor can be touched, they only can be felt. For example plumbing, teaching, acting, nursing, medicine etc. some professionals in this category are cashier, teacher, doctor, nurse etc.

Read More

SELF-HELP

SELF-HELP

The capability and confidence in doing own work without asking for anyone’s help is called self help or self. No person can live in this works without doing work. Everybody has some task to do. Some persons do their work themselves. They do not depend on others, some person do their work themselves. They want to get their work done by others. Those who do their work themselves are said to be self-reliant. Self-help is the habit of doing work without taking the help of others.

Self-help gives us strength. It makes us active and diligent. We work hard to achieve success. We do not waste time. We work harder and harder. Self help is the best help. It makes us achieve. We work hard and achieve success. We are not idle and wait for others help, we finish our work quickly. We do not give up our efforts even if we fail. We try again and again till we achieve success. The habit of self help gives us strength day by day. We acquire the power of doing difficulties. We learn to preserve and perspire. Those who depend on others are always idle. They do not realize their own strength. They do not realize their own strength. They always look to others for help. Others do not readily come forward to help them. Others do not work sincerely for them and the result is failure. They cannot face obstacles.

Self-reliant persons are bold and strong. Those who depend on others are weak and timid. Such persons cannot accomplish even small tasks. They think they have little strength to work. They have no confidence. They never exert themselves to any task. They always look to others for help. Others may not work for them or may work half heartedly. Their work is not well. They often come to grief and disappointment. Person with trust in them can only gain success.

Those who depend on others have their work done at great cost. They have to reward those who work for them. They cannot wholly enjoy the fruit of their work. They have to share the fruit with others. Such persons cannot achieve great success in life. Those who want to be successful in life must learn to work themselves. All great men have been self reliant. They worked night and day, while others slept. Self reliant person acquire the qualities for leadership. They can lead themselves as well as others. Working by own is a proof of leadership and self help. People should try to complete their work by themselves, expecting help from others for own work is the sign of weak person which one would never want to be.

The story of Hercules and the carter is a good illustration of the power of self-help. A carter had wheels of his cart stuck in mud. He did not push the cart but prayed to the god Hercules help. Hercules came and told him to put his shoulders to the wheel. The carter did so, and the wheels came out of the mud. We should learn to be self-reliant. We should do out work little by little. The habit of self-reliant must be taught at an early age. Parents and teachers should teach children this lesson. Self help is very important for students. Some students do not do their lessons. They have their lessons done by others, or they copy from others. Such students cannot be successful. If they want to succeed, they should stand on their own legs. We should all learn the habit of self help which leads to success and prosperity.

Read More

The cost of your life

The cost of your life

Some people want to die since they think that living hasn’t approved them the contentment that they have the right for, but I believe only those seek to devastate their gifted life, which think are inadequate all the time. But death is not an end, it is a gateway. I know that every living thing that lives in this world has to abscond the world one day and no living being had been living perpetually. As like, where there is beam, there is ache as well and so on.

Sometimes this sensation also comes to my mind that’s why I am exisisting when there is no happiness printed in my fate, feels like life has nothing to gift me where I disregard that life in itself is a reward for me. I am given the prospect to live. There must be at any rate nothing to do, at least there should be something in this world that I have not yet achieved but I can achieve. And I forgot that there is not only the death left. Where there is wind there is a roll.

Maybe it is so that people who turn to suicides should be medaled for contradicting the award of god. Once I heard somewhere the superior aphorism, “when you came to this world, there were tears in your eyes and everyone was pleased, congratulating joyful. Nevertheless when you walk off, don’t let the same thing happen, same things repeats that no one is repentant for your deficiency instead do the thing that you keep smiling and face the death and let everybody cry because you are going. Let them realize how important you were in their life.

This saying really touched me in the second moment when I heard it. So from then. I have been philosophizing of wath such nature of the thing I can make so that everyone will miss my charisma. How should I at least the assessment to my presence? Well it is a hard thing to retort because there I do things superior to one I will be disgruntling ten other, so there I realized that it is not so straight forward and that is the point where people feel like now no more. But that is where the true confront initiates that are the peak where you have to clash with yourself, and remember you are neither a saint nor a spirit. You are a simple body with the soul inside that gets wounded ubiquitously and you need to make it sturdy and you are gifted with a light weighted intelligence that is put on the very top of you that should be used and there is a small pumping heart inside you that will let you know what is the right and what is not. And here I remember a saying that whatever your heart enlightens you as the first verdict is always right. The major thing is, are you ready to admit the fact?

Well, one more thing I should append up id, “one can do anything for oneself, but the real accomplishment is the one you do for other in return of nothing more than self satisfaction, “I have read somewhere that self satisfaction is the uppermost achievement o any human body. That is the one everyone looks for there is here everyone looks for and there you get tripped. We have hardly any time to think for others. Here we are not beings able to accomplish our own objectives, who the hell will think for others. Who the hell will think for others?

Read More

AIR AND ATMOSPHERE

AIR AND ATMOSPHERE

Air is mainly a mixture of two gases, nitrogen and oxygen. Air is invisible, colorless and tasteless. Air has weight and exerts pressure. Air is an extremely important natural resource. Air is necessary for all the living organisms. This is because all the living beings breathe air. In fact, air is the best medium for the respiratory process. The terrestrial organisms can get oxygen necessary for respiration from air. A man respires about 22000 times a day and takes about 16 kg of air into body during this process. 

 The air present above the surface of the earth is its gaseous components which forms an invisible cover around the earth. The region of air present around the earth is called the atmosphere. The density of air is highest near the sea-level and as we go higher above the sea level, the density of air goes on decreasing. The atmosphere extends about 50 kilometers from the surface of the earth. The composition of atmospheric of atmospheric air also changes with the change in altitude. There are several concentric layers in the vertical profile of the atmosphere. The main layers of the atmosphere are: 

i) Troposphere

ii) Stratosphere

iii) Mesosphere

iv) Thermosphere

Role of atmosphere is to protect the living things from harmful radiation like ultra-violet reys by forming an ozone layer. Ozone is a gas whose one molecule contains three atoms of oxygen. At a height about 16 kilometers from the earth, the sun-rays convert the oxygen present there into ozone. The proportion of ozone gas in the atmosphere increases up to a height of about 23 kilometers.

The air particulates: the finely divided solid or liquid particles suspended in air are called particulates. Some of the examples of particulates present in the atmosphere are; dust, smoke, fumes, mist, spray are liquid particulates. Some more examples of particulates in the atmosphere are; spores, pollen grains, bacteria, fungi, virus, fur, hair, sand, sodium chloride, pesticides, insecticides, cement dust, lead dust, mercury dust and asbestos dust.

The particulate pollutants cause various allergic reactions, produces disease like bronchial asthma and tuberculosis. It reduces the visibility by producing haze in the atmosphere. This hinders road and air traffic. The particulates like smoke blacken the buildings and white clothes. The aerosols like fog can absorb and concentrate poisonous gases in the atmosphere and cause more serious air pollution like smog. Smog produces diseases like bronchitis, asthma and heat related disorder. It causes irritation to the eyes, nose and throat. Smog has an adverse effect on the growth and development of plants and reduces the visibility to very low level and hence causes the disruption of road and air traffic too. 

Lead is a very poisonous metal. Even a very low concentration of lead in the human body can create metabolic disturbances. Due to the prolonged effect of lead in the human body, malformation of red cells lead to a disease called anemia. Lead gets bound with the cellular enzymes and disrupts the functioning of cells and organs of the muscular dust cause lung cancer and asbestos.

Air pollution is the unwanted substances present in the air that affects the environment. The substances which pollute the air are called air pollutants. Air pollution is caused due to natural processes, human activities, and radioactivity. We all know about natural process and human activities and radioactive pollution is the phenomenon in which the nuclei of atoms of certain elements undergo spontaneous disintegration and emit alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays. The sources of radioactive pollution are of two types and they are natural and man-made. The natural sources are mainly the naturally occurring radioactive elements and their compounds and the man-made are those which can be mining and refining of radioactive materials like nuclear weapons and so on.

Read More